A Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis) Can Be Life-Threatening. How Can You Help Prevent It?

A severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) can be life-threatening and may even lead to death if not treated promptly.

Anaphylaxis occurs when your body's immune system reacts excessively to a substance. During this reaction, the body releases chemicals such as histamine, along with several other inflammatory substances, causing symptoms that can rapidly become severe.

Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Skin

• Widespread rash or hives
• Itching
• Swelling of the face or lips
• Redness of the skin

Respiratory System

• Difficulty breathing
• A feeling of throat tightness
• Cough
• Wheezing

Circulatory System

• Fainting or feeling faint
• Dizziness
• Weak or difficult-to-feel pulse
• Rapid heartbeat

Digestive System

• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea

What Can Trigger Anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis can be triggered by medications, foods, insect stings, or almost any substance that causes an allergic reaction.

If you have previously experienced a mild allergic reaction (allergy) to a particular medication, you are at a higher risk of developing anaphylaxis if you are exposed to that medication again.

Your Role in Preventing Medication-Induced Anaphylaxis

When you are admitted to a hospital, you also have an important responsibility in helping prevent anaphylaxis caused by medications.

1. Provide an Accurate Allergy History

Always tell your doctor about any allergies you have had in the past.

Before prescribing a medication, doctors routinely ask whether you have ever experienced allergic reactions to:

• Medications
• Foods
• Adhesive plasters or tapes

Based on your allergy history, they can choose safer alternatives and reduce the risk of anaphylaxis.

For example, if you are allergic to a penicillin antibiotic, receiving another antibiotic from the same group can be extremely dangerous.

Therefore, it is your responsibility to provide your doctor with complete and accurate information about your allergy history.

2. Be Alert for Symptoms of Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis can occur even with medications that have never caused an allergic reaction before.

If you develop any of the symptoms described above after taking a medication, do not wait for them to worsen. Inform the hospital staff or seek immediate medical attention as quickly as possible.

The sooner treatment for anaphylaxis is started, the greater the chance of saving your life.

Protect Yourself and Others

You also have a responsibility to:

• Provide your allergy history accurately to healthcare professionals.
• Inform your family and loved ones about any known allergies.
• Stay alert for the warning signs of anaphylaxis so that treatment can be sought without delay.

Early recognition and prompt treatment of anaphylaxis can be lifesaving.