Dengue is currently spreading as an epidemic, and there is a risk that anyone can be affected at any time.
When a dengue mosquito bites you, the dengue virus enters your body through the mosquito’s saliva.
Even if the virus enters the body, many people do not develop any symptoms. However, in some individuals, it can lead to dengue fever or the more severe dengue hemorrhagic condition.
If a person has previously had dengue, a second infection increases the risk of developing a more severe form of the disease, including dengue hemorrhagic fever.
What are the symptoms of dengue?
A person with dengue fever may experience:
- High fever lasting 2–7 days
- Headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Vomiting
- Muscle and joint pain
In some cases, damage to blood vessels may cause bleeding, leading to:
- Red spots on the skin
- Facial redness
- Bleeding gums
- Nosebleeds
- Blood in urine or stool
These symptoms can occur in both dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever.
If these symptoms appear, do not assume it will recover at home. Seek medical treatment immediately.
Some patients with dengue fever may progress to the severe hemorrhagic form.
Platelets and severity
Normally, platelet levels range between 150,000–450,000.
In dengue, platelet counts decrease. If the platelet count falls below 100,000, the condition can become dangerous and may indicate progression toward dengue hemorrhagic fever.
What is dengue hemorrhagic fever?
In this severe condition, plasma leaks out of the blood vessels into surrounding tissues.
This reduces blood supply to vital organs and can become life-threatening.
To save a patient’s life, doctors carefully manage fluid intake to prevent further leakage and ensure adequate circulation to vital organs.
Monitoring urine output and fluid intake is extremely important in hospital care, as it helps doctors decide how much fluid a patient should receive. Neglecting this monitoring can put the patient’s life at risk.
What is the NS1 antigen test?
The NS1 antigen test is used to confirm dengue infection.
It is most effective within the first three days of illness.
A positive result is more likely in first-time dengue infections.
However, a negative NS1 test does not 100% rule out dengue.
What should a dengue patient drink?
Fluids are important, and the following are recommended:
- Oral rehydration solutions (e.g., Jeevani)
- Coconut water
- Rice porridge (kanji)
- Soups
However, red or brown-colored drinks should be avoided, as they may discolor urine and make it difficult to detect internal bleeding.
Do all dengue patients need hospital admission?
Not every patient who tests positive for dengue needs to be admitted to hospital.
If platelet levels are not dangerously low and there are no severe symptoms, patients may recover at home under proper medical guidance and monitoring.
Following medical instructions carefully is essential for safe recovery.